Baking Soda
Baking soda is mildly abrasive, which can help scrub away some surface staining and gives teeth a temporarily smoother, slightly brighter feel right after use. It doesn't actually bleach the tooth or address deeper discoloration the way peroxide-based whitening does at a chemical level. Used occasionally and gently, it's not especially harmful, but using it frequently or scrubbing hard with it can gradually wear down enamel over months and years, which is not something that ever grows back once it's gone. If you're tempted to try it, treating it as an occasional, gentle addition rather than a daily replacement for regular toothpaste is the safer way to use it.